In this article, we are going to look at ARRAYS - VECTORS - MATRICES, a structure that allows us to store a set of elements. Discover how to use these powerful tools to manipulate groups of data efficiently.

# Arrays

An array is a structure that stores a fixed number of elements, all identified with the same name. Generally, we must specify the number of elements at the time of creation.

# One Dimension: Vector

The vector is the simplest array. It has N elements, identified with indices from 0 to N-1.

# Initialization and Traversal

To process large volumes of data, we traverse the vector sequentially using cyclic structures:

# Length Property

Most languages provide the length property to know the size of the vector, avoiding "hardcoding" values in the code.

FOR index = 0 TO myvector.length - 1
    myvector[index] = 0

# Two Dimensions: Matrix

Visually it is like a chessboard or an Excel sheet. It is accessed using two indices: [row, column].

Row-wise traversal vs Column-wise traversal:

# Practice Exercises

FOR position = 0 TO 49
  sum = sum + temperatures[position]
average = sum / 50
FOR position = 0 TO 49
  IF (temperatures[position] >= average) THEN
    PRINT temperatures[position]

FOR position = 0 TO 29
  IF (heights[position] > average) THEN taller++
  ELSE IF (heights[position] < average) THEN shorter++

cryptocurrencies[4] = cryptocurrencies[2] // Move BNB
cryptocurrencies[2] = "USDT"
cryptocurrencies[3] = "SOL"

FOR j = 0 TO 2 // Columns
  FOR i = 0 TO 2 // Rows
    columnSum[j] = columnSum[j] + matrix[i][j]

In the next article, we will see records, a tool that proposes encapsulating data within a variable.